The history of the creation of the story "Heart of a Dog" presentation. Presentation on literature "A Warning Tale" (based on the work of M.A. Bulgakov "The Heart of a Dog"). Topic: Cruel experience or the birth of a new life

Michael Bulgakov
The story "Dog"
heart"
Prezentacii.com
Prezentacii.com

Mikhail Afanasyevich
Bulgakov (1891-1940)

Goals:
Expand the concept of satire.
Clarify the goals of Bulgakov’s satire.
Show skill and civic
writer's courage.

Epigraph
"Heart of a Dog"
masterpiece of Bulgakov's satire.
Bulgakov's satire is smart and
sighted.
V. Sakharov

Vocabulary work
 Satire (lat. satira) is a way of showing comic
someone in art, consisting of a destroying osmey
research of phenomena that seem to the author to be evil
nym. The power of satire depends on its social significance.
ty of the position occupied by the satirist, from the effectiveness
these satirical methods.

The subject of satire is a person, his
vices.

irony
types of satire
humor
sarcasm

Bring it into line
irony
Good-naturedly mocking attitude
to something; good-natured and cheerful
making fun of
humor
Sargent, cruel ironic
mockery
sarcasm
Subtle, hidden mockery;
inconsistency positive
meaning and negative connotations

Satirists
 Ivan Andreevich Krylov
 Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol
 Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov Shchedrin
 Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko
 Arkady Timofeevich Averchenko
 Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi
 Ilf (Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg) and
Petrov (Evgeniy Petrovich Kataev)

M. A. Bulgakov (1891-1940)
May 3(15), 1891 born in Kiev into a family
teacher of the Theological Academy.
1916 graduated from the Faculty of Medicine
Kyiv University.
1916-1917 worked as a zemstvo
doctor in the Smolensk province.
1921 came to Moscow permanently
residence. Worked for the newspaper Gudok.
Since 1930 he began working in the Moscow Art Theater and
SABT.
Died from kidney disease in 1940. Buried in Moscow
at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Works by M.A. Bulgakov
"Notes of a Young Doctor"
"Notes on Cuffs"
The story "Diaboliad"
Novel “The White Guard” (play “Days of the Turbins”)
The story “Fatal Eggs”
The story "Heart of a Dog"
Play "Zoyka's Apartment"
Play "Running"
Play "Crimson Island"
The play “Dead Souls” (based on Gogol’s poem)
The play "Moliere"
Novel "The Master and Margarita"

The story "Heart of a Dog"
Written in 1925.
Printed in 1987.
Why was the story published only
in 62 years?
Review by L. B. Kamenev: “This is spicy
pamphlet on modern times, print
under no circumstances is it possible"
Pamphlet topical journalistic
incriminating work

“Heart of a Dog” (“Monstrous”
story")
 Where does the work begin?
 Through whose eyes do we see the world?
 How is the socio-political
the situation in Russia in the 20s?
 What can you say about Sharik? Is it a coincidence, on your
look, the name chosen for the dog, Sharik?
 Compare the images of Sharik the stray dog ​​and Sharikov
“cleaning supervisor.” How do they make you feel?
creating the images of Sharikov, Shvonder, Pestrukhin?
 Why is Professor Preobrazhensky’s apartment not
was it compacted?
 What artistic details does the author use when
creating images of Professor Preobrazhensky, doctor
Bormenthal?

Let's reason together.
 What does it say about the character and lifestyle of Professor Preobrazhensky
the situation in the apartment?
 What kind of assistance did Professor Preobrazhensky provide to patients?
 What is the composition of the story, what parts does it consist of?
 What assessment does Preobrazhensky give to the state of society? What, according to him
Do you think the reason for the devastation?
 What role do the singing scenes play?
 Provide a comparative analysis of descriptions of life in Kalabukhov’s
home before the revolution and after.
 How did Sharik’s fate turn out? Has his way of thinking changed since
return to its original state?

Composition of the story
Ring composition:
 plot (Sharik’s monologue);
 development of action (The professor has the ball,
surgery, humanization of a dog);
 climax (of Sharikov’s outrages);
 denouement (return of the Ball to its previous state);
 epilogue (Sharik was “lucky”).

Let's reason together
 How do you think future life might turn out?
Professor Preobrazhensky and Doctor Bormental. Justify
your assumptions.
 What is the role of the images of servants in the story?
 Give examples of antithesis in the story.
 Why did the story cause conflicting reviews? Why the ban
did it take so long to publish it (60 years)?
 Express your attitude towards Professor Preobrazhensky,
Dr. Bormenthal, Sharikov, Shvonder and other heroes.
 Give possible interpretations of the story “Dog
heart".

Antithesis in the story
Sharik Sharikov;
Preobrazhensky Shvonder;
Kalabukhovsky house before and after
revolution;
The ball at the beginning and end of the story

Humanizing the dog
Dog mongrel Sharik
Dog mongrel Sharik
sweet, good-natured,
sweet, good-natured,
observant
observant
Klim Chugunkin
Klim Chugunkin
drunkard, lumpen
drunkard, lumpen
proletarian
proletarian
from
f
g and p o
T
e
l
O
Polygraph
Polygraph
Poligrafovich
Poligrafovich
Sharikov
Sharikov
Properties of the dog
properties K
l
And
m
A

Sharik + Klim Chugunkin = Polygraph
Poligrafovich Sharikov
In the process of humanizing the dog, cute and
good-natured dog Sharik
perceives the worst aspects of himself
human donor, lumpen
proletarian Klim Chugunkin and
turns into a sinister figure
Poligraf Poligrafovich
Sharikova

Whose influence is stronger?
Preobrazhensky
Preobrazhensky
creator(doctor,
creator(doctor,
professor, worldwide
professor, worldwide
famous scientist)
famous scientist)
Operates surgically
Operates surgically
in any way (physical
in any way (physical
violence)
violence)
Shvonder
Shvonder
ideologue(expropria
ideologue(expropria
torus, motto: “Rob
torus, motto: “Rob
loot!")
loot!")
Acts with
Acts with
words (spiritual nasi
words (spiritual nasi
lie)
lie)
Polygraph
Polygraph
Poligrafovich
Poligrafovich
Sharikov
Sharikov

Antagonists:
Preobrazhensky problem: Shvonder logic:
organ transplantation for the purpose of a hard worker, one who does nothing
to extend the life period has, “The trouble is if the pies start baking
shoemaker, and make boots
pieman".
The professor's experiment failed.
The scientist came to the conclusion that
Sharikov violence against nature.

Conclusion.
Prezentacii.com
Also a revolutionary experiment
The Bolsheviks are doomed to failure.
Foster a sense of respect for individuals
ty, self-esteem,
conscious attitude to what is happening
this is only possible with gradual
nom, evolutionary development of society
tva, with painstaking educational and
cultural work of the intelligentsia.
Prezentacii.com

The tragic fate of a writer in the era of socialism

• Bulgakov's creativity is the pinnacle phenomenon of Russian artistic culture of the twentieth century. The fate of the Master, deprived of the opportunity to be published and heard, is tragic. From 1927 to 1940, until the day of his death, Bulgakov did not see a single line of his own in print. Bulgakov was a kind of prophet. With bitter feeling, he writes that after the end of the war (World War 1): "... the Western countries are licking their wounds, they will get better, they will get better very soon (and will prosper!), and we... we will fight, we will pay for the madness of the October days,... for everything ! "

• Why do you think the story “Heart of a Dog” was banned in 1925 in Soviet Russia?
• What were Soviet officials afraid of?

Satirical pamphlet

• The “new” social microorder itself is depicted in the style of a satirical pamphlet. Bulgakov uses the technique of the grotesque (Sharikov’s behavior, images of members of the house committee), comic buffoonery (the scene of catching a cat). Despite all the incredibleness and fantastic nature of the story, it is distinguished by its amazing verisimilitude. These are not only recognizable concrete signs of the times. This is the city landscape itself, the scene of action: Obukhovsky Lane, a house, an apartment, its way of life, the appearance and behavior of the characters, etc. As a result, the unreal story with Sharikov is perceived by the reader quite realistically.

Glossary of terms

• Pamphlet(from English pamphlet“brochure, booklet”) is a type of artistic and journalistic work, usually directed against the political system as a whole or its individual aspects, against one or another social group.
• Buffoonery(from Italian buffonata - buffoonery, clowning), or slapstick (from English slapstick - clap, slap) - exaggerated comic style of acting. Based on sharp exaggeration (grotesque), caricature of actions, phenomena...

Relevance of the story

This is the story not only of Sharikov’s transformations, but above all - the history of a society developing according to absurd, irrational laws. If the fantastic plan of the story is completed in plot, then the moral and philosophical one remains open: the Sharikovs continue to breed, multiply and establish themselves in life, which means that the “monstrous history” of society continues. Bulgakov's tragic forecasts, unfortunately, came true, which was confirmed in the 30-50s, during the formation of Stalinism, and later.

A satirical depiction of the masters of modern times

• The image of the House Committee members is satirical. Before us is either a woman or a man. And when the professor asks: “Excuse me, but who are you, a man or a woman?” In response he hears: “What’s the difference, comrade?” Really, what a difference. Bulgakov laughs at the attempts of the dictatorship of the proletariat to change human nature, to merge everyone into a homogeneous, faceless mass, where there is no division of humanity even by gender.

“Devastation is not in closets, but in minds!”

• Soviet propaganda really made some kind of mythical, elusive villain out of the devastation, trying to hide that the root cause was the Bolshevik policy, war communism, and the fact that people had lost the habit of working honestly and efficiently and had no incentive to work.

Social satire in the story

• The satirical story “Heart of a Dog” by M.A. Bulgakov combines three genre artistic forms: science fiction, social dystopia, satirical pamphlet.

Dystopia- community or society,

seems undesirable

repulsive or frightening.

• It is physically easier to transform a dog into a human than to teach it to respect personality and instill self-esteem.
• However, who could instill human qualities in the “new formation”. Mr. Preobrazhensky is not engaged in the most necessary things at that time, but in the most profitable business in medicine. We won't see him with a book. He instructs people not to read newspapers. He talks about the missing galoshes, the unclean front door, the devastation in the closet. Intellectual!

Dangerous experiment

• The story is based on a risky experiment. The most complex operation performed by Professor Preobrazhensky, its stunning results are, of course, fantastic. But for Bulgakov it served only as a plot basis for revealing social problems. Everything that was happening around and what was called the construction of socialism, Bulgakov perceived precisely as an experiment - huge in scale and more than dangerous. The situation that developed in society in the first decades after the October Revolution was tragic. People have been turned into a gray, homogeneous, faceless mass. The concepts of eternal values ​​and true feelings are distorted.

• When families of workers were relocated from unhealthy, damp basements and terrible barracks, “compacting” people with excess living space. A Christian should welcome the improvement in the lives of “his brothers,” and so should a doctor. But in this whole unpleasant but necessary process, Preobrazhensky saw only an infringement of his convenience. He wanted to sleep in the bedroom, dine in the dining room, see patients in the examination room, and guests in the living room.
• How unpleasantly it struck him that Poligraf Poligrafovich began to lay claim to a room in this apartment! I just can’t get rid of the thought that this was almost the main reason for its destruction.

• We find examples of this in the events of the 30-50s, when innocent and irresponsible people were persecuted, just as Sharikov once caught stray cats and dogs in his line of work. The Soviet Sharikovs demonstrated dog-like loyalty, showing anger and suspicion towards those who were high in spirit and mind. They, like Bulgakov’s Sharikov, were proud of their low origins, low education, even ignorance, defending themselves with connections, meanness, rudeness and, at every opportunity, trampling people worthy of respect into the dirt. These manifestations of Sharikovism are very tenacious.
• We are now reaping the fruits of this activity. And no one can say how long this will last. In addition, “Sharikovism” has not disappeared as a phenomenon even now, perhaps it has only changed its face.

You need to love a person BIG

• Many will argue that, they say, all Russian writers loved the “little man,” but Bulgakov did not. The fact is that all other Russian writers either did not know the “little man” or speculated on their love for him. But Bulgakov, like, for example, Akhmatova or Shalamov, did not like the “little man”. And he did the right thing.

• A person must be loved more.

Prophetic predictions M.A. Bulgakov

• Back in 1926, the brilliant writer foresaw the future tragedy of Russia, when the wretched, arrogant and aggressive Sharikovs, having multiplied, began to strangle everything incomprehensible and hostile to them, that is, humane, honest, noble.

Merit of M. Bulgakov

• M. Bulgakov’s merit lies in the fact that he managed to use laughter to reveal the deep and serious idea of ​​the story: the threatening danger of “Sharikovism” and its potential prospects. After all, Sharikov and his associates are dangerous to society. The ideology and social claims of the “hegemonic” class contain the threat of lawlessness and violence. Of course, M. Bulgakov’s story is not only a satire on “Sharikovism” as aggressive ignorance, but also a warning about its likely consequences in public life. Unfortunately, Bulgakov was not heard or did not want to be heard. The Sharikovs were fruitful, multiplied, and took an active part in the social and political life of the country.

Written in 1925, first published in 1968 simultaneously in the magazines “Grani” (Frankfurt) and “Student” (London). 1925 1968 Frankfurt London In the Soviet Union, it was first published in 1987 and has since been reprinted several times. Soviet Union 1987 NAZA D

Moscow Moscow, 1924. Professor Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky, an outstanding surgeon, achieved excellent results in practical rejuvenation. Continuing his research, he conceived an unprecedented experiment - an operation to transplant human glands into a dog. Chosen as an experimental animal, the stray dog ​​Sharik, whom he had picked up on the street, was given access to the professor’s spacious apartment and excellent food. The organ donor was Klim Chugunkin, a thief, alcoholic and rowdy who died in a fight. 1924 Professor of Surgery, homeless, Klim Chugunkin thief, alcoholic

The results of the operation exceeded expectations. Sharik's limbs became elongated, his fur fell out, and he began to speak. Rumors spread throughout Moscow about miracles happening in the professor’s house. However, Preobrazhensky very soon had to regret what he had done. Sharik experienced not only physical but also psychological humanization; he inherited all his bad habits from Chugunkin. Polygrapher Poligrafovich Sharikov, as he called himself, discovered an addiction to obscene language, vodka, theft, the female sex, tavern feasts, vanity and discussions about the proletarian idea. In order to improve his social status, Sharikov, on the recommendation of the chairman of the house committee Shvonder, who hoped with his help to get Professor Preobrazhensky out of the apartment, gets a leadership position in the department of cleaning the city from stray animals. Proletarian

The new job pleases Sharikov’s pride, a company car comes for him every day, the servants begin to treat him with some respect, he does not feel obligated to Preobrazhensky and Bormental, who are still trying to instill in him the norms of cultural life. He takes pleasure in destroying stray cats, although, according to Preobrazhensky, “cats are temporary.” Sharikov brings to Professor Preobrazhensky’s apartment a young girl he hired, whom he deceived by embellishing her biography and social status. Having learned the truth from the professor, the girl leaves Sharikov, who threatens to fire her. Doctor Bormental stands up for the girl.

Sharikov decides to write a political denunciation of the apartment’s inhabitants, who are far from sympathetic to the new government and its representatives in their own home. However, the paper ends up with one of Preobrazhensky's former patients, who returns it to the professor. Preobrazhensky demands that Sharikov get out of his apartment, he refuses and takes out a revolver. Bormenthal disarms Sharikov, together with the professor they carry out a new operation. Sharikov turns back into a dog. The dog doesn’t remember anything that happened to him and lives happily in the professor’s apartment. BACK

There is a small inconsistency in the text: in different places in the story the “donor” of organs for transplantation is called either Chugunkin or Chugunov; he is either 25 or 28 years old. The prototype of the “Kalabukhov House”, in which the main events of the story unfold, was the apartment building of the architect S. F. Kulagin, built by him on Prechistenka Street in 1904. S. F. Kulagina Prechistenka 1904 NAZA D

Daria Petrovna Ivanova is Professor Preobrazhensky's cook. Fyodor is the doorman of the house where Professor Preobrazhensky lives. Chugunkin Klim Grigorievich, a repeat offender, alcoholic and hooligan who died in a fight. His pituitary gland and seminal glands were used for transplantation of Sharik Chugunkin Klim Grigorievichvor relapsed alcoholic bully pituitary glands transplantation Shvonder chairman of the house committee. Vyazemskaya is the head of the cultural department of the house. Pestrukhin and Zharovkin are Shvonder’s colleagues, members of the house committee. Pyotr Aleksandrovich is a certain influential “co-worker”, patient and good friend of Professor Preobrazhensky. BACK

P THE STORY AS A POLITICAL SATIRE The most common political interpretation of the story relates it to the very idea of ​​the Russian revolution, the “awakening” of the social consciousness of the proletariat. Sharikov is traditionally perceived as an allegorical image of the Russian lumpen proletariat, who unexpectedly received a large number of rights and freedoms, but quickly discovered selfish interests and the ability to betray and destroy both their own kind (a former homeless dog climbs the social ladder, destroying other homeless animals), and and those who endowed them with these rights. The ending of the story looks artificial, without outside intervention. The fate of Sharikov's creators looks predetermined. It is believed that in the story Bulgakov predicted mass repressions of the 1930s.mass repressions of the 1930s

A number of Bulgakov scholars believe that “Heart of a Dog” was a political satire on the government of the mid-1920s. In particular, that Sharikov-Chugunkin is Stalin (both have an “iron” second name), prof. Preobrazhensky is Lenin (who transformed the country), his assistant Dr. Bormental, who is constantly in conflict with Sharikov, is Trotsky (Bronstein), assistant Zina Zinoviev, etc. A number of Bulgakov scholars believe that “The Heart of a Dog” was a political satire on the leadership of the state in the mid-1920s years. In particular, that Sharikov-Chugunkin is Stalin (both have an “iron” second name), prof. Preobrazhensky is Lenin (who transformed the country), his assistant Doctor Bormental, constantly in conflict with Sharikov, is Trotsky (Bronstein), assistant Zina Zinoviev, etc. political satire StalinLenin Trotsky Zinovievpolitical satire StalinLenin Trotsky Zinoviev NAZA D

M. A. Bulgakov came to literature already during the years of Soviet power.
He was not an emigrant and experienced all the difficulties and
contradictions of Soviet reality of the 30s. Childhood and
his youth was connected with Kiev, the subsequent years of his life - with
Moscow. During the Moscow period of his life, Bulgakov was not only
writer, but also a theater figure, scriptwriter and
productions at the Moscow Art Theater. Peru Bulgakov
belongs to the novels: "The White Guard", "Theatrical Novel",
"Master and Margarita".

The history of the story

Written in 1925, first published in 1968
simultaneously in the magazine "Grani" (Frankfurt) and Alec's magazine
Phlegona "Student".
In the USSR in the 1960s it was distributed in samizdat.
The story was first published in the USSR in 1987 in the 6th
issue of Znamya magazine. The story has been republished several times.
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov wrote “Heart of a Dog”, knowing
Apparently, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and The Island
Dr. Moreau" by H.G. Wells.

“Heart of a Dog” became Bulgakov’s response to the historical and
the cultural situation in Soviet Russia in the first half of the 20s
years. The scientific experiment depicted in the story is
a picture of the proletarian revolution and its results. In his
Bulgakov’s work raises many pressing questions
of that time: the relationship between evolution and revolution, fate
intelligentsia, the nature of the new government. Moreover, besides
general political topics, the author is concerned about the problem of new and old
morality and ethics - which one is more humane.

What is the meaning of the title of the story “Heart of a Dog”?

The meaning of the title of the story “Heart of a Dog” is that, firstly, it is about
it's about a dog who for a short time became biologically
person. Secondly, this dog showed such
traits. character that forced the main characters - professor
Preobrazhensky and his assistant Bormenthal think deeply about
properties of human nature and the relationship between canine and human in
the soul of their ward.

What is the political satire in the story?

The most common political
interpretation of the story relates it to the idea itself
"Russian
revolution",
"awakening"
social
consciousness
proletariat.
Sharikov is traditionally perceived as
allegorical image of the lumpen proletariat,
unexpectedly received a big
number of rights and freedoms, but quickly
revealed selfish interests and
the ability to betray and destroy as
their own kind (former stray dog
rises
By
social
stairs,
destroying other homeless animals), so
and those who endowed them with these rights. At
It should be noted that Klim
Chugunkin earned money by playing music in
taverns and was a criminal. The final
stories
looks
artificially,
without
third party
interventions
fate
creators
Sharikova
looks
a foregone conclusion. It is believed that in the story
Bulgakov
were
massive

Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky

F.
F.
Preobrazhensky
-
hero
fantastic
stories
Mikhail
Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog” - medical scientist,
Professor,
experimental surgeon.
IN
within
works he contrasts
lumpen and boor Sharikov.
Professor Preobrazhensky lives and works in Moscow in 1924
in the so-called “Kalabukhovsky house” at st. Prechistenka,
24 in a seven-room apartment. They live with him
housekeeper Zina and cook Daria Petrovna, as well as temporarily
his assistant, Dr. Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental. Part of the apartment
used by the professor as a personal surgical
clinics.

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov

P.
P.
Sharikov
fantastic character
Mikhail's stories
Bulgakov
"Dog's heart". Initially
was a mongrel stray dog,
result
experimental
operations
By
transplantation
dog
human
pituitary gland
And
testes was reborn into a human being.
Then,
V
result
reverse
operations became a dog again.
The name Sharikov has become a household name: so derogatory
called
impudent
poorly educated
And
absolutely
an incompetent person from the bottom of society, due to various
reasons for ending up in power structures.
The name of Klim Chugunkin is borne by the “Guards translator”
artel" by Dmitry Puchkov (Goblin) "Full Pe".
The KVN Major League team from Omsk is called “Polygraph”
Polygraphych.”

Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental

Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental was
young
doctor,
entirely
devoted
to his
to the teacher
to the professor
Preobrazhensky.
Being a poor student, he was
he was accepted to the department. Having finished
study, Bormenthal began working with
professor assistant.
It was big for him
good luck. Working side by side with
scientists
world
level,
He
I learned a lot, and besides,
Bormenthal made good money.
Professor
behind
one
day
earned more than a worker
per month and part of the income went
to his assistant.
Attempts
Bormental
educate
Sharikova
are over
failure.
There was too much in him
Klima Chugunkina. Being in
furious, he strangled Sharikov
and the professor had to again
conduct
surgery
And
turn
last

Shvonder

Shvonde
R
Shvonder - proletarian,
"selected
on
meeting
housing association
new head of the house committee."
Author
is
him as a person, "at
which is on his head
towered
on
quarter
arshin
shock
the thickest
curly
hair".
Despite the active
participation in the plot
the character does not receive
expanded
characteristics.
It is presented schematically in the story. Sh. is not a person, he is a “public figure,” one of his “comrades.” The author focuses on his
hatred of class enemies, that is, of Professor Preobrazhensky and
Dr. Bormenthal. During his visit in chapter six, he
talks to the professor with “calm gloating.” And when
Philip Philipovich involuntarily lost his temper, “blue joy spread
in Shvonder's face."

Fantastic plot

The plot of the story is built around a fantastic plot -
Professor Preobrazhensky performed an amazing operation:
transplanted a human pituitary gland into a dog. As a result, the dog Sharik
turned into a man, Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov. WITH
With the help of such a fantastic move, Bulgakov demonstrates
your view on the situation that developed in Russia in the 1920s, on
policy of the new government.
Moreover, Sharikov, who in his life had never read
one book and has a very vague idea about
the world around him, gains impudence and begins to point out
how society should be organized - to “take away and divide” everything.
Thus, with the help of Bulgakov’s fantastic plot
shows events in Russia in the 20s, draws a portrait
ruling class - the proletariat and gives its assessment to everything
what's happening.

Satire in the story

Satirical
story
“Dog
heart” - deep
philosophical
work, if you think seriously about its content. Professor
Philip Philipovich imagined himself akin to God, he transforms earthly
creature one into another, from a sweet and affectionate dog he created a “biped
monster” without any concept of honor, conscience, gratitude.
Thanks to Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov, the whole life of the professor
Preobrazhensky stood upside down. Sharikov, imagining himself
person, brings into the measured and calm life of the professor
discomfort. He demands from “dad” the living space allotted to him,
presenting
documentation
“housing
partnership."
By purchasing
human appearance, Sharikov doesn’t even have a clue about the rules
behavior in society. He copies his “mentor and teacher” in everything
Shvondera. Here Bulgakov gives free rein to his satire, mocking
stupidity and ridiculing the limitations of the new government. “In the bedroom take
food,” he spoke in a slightly strangled voice, “in the examination room
read, get dressed in the waiting room, operate in the servants' room, and in
to inspect the dining room?! It is very possible that Isadora Duncan
does. Maybe she's having lunch in her office and cutting up rabbits in the bathroom.
May be. But I'm not Isadora Duncan!!! - he suddenly barked, and the purple

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M. A. Bulgakov The history of the creation and fate of the story “Heart of a Dog” Prepared by: teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU secondary school No. 42 of Voronezh Galizina Tatyana Valerievna

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Censorship At the reading of the manuscript of the story during a meeting of writers in Gazetny Lane, an OGPU agent was present, who described the work as follows: “Such things, read in the most brilliant Moscow literary circle, are much more dangerous than the useless and harmless speeches of writers of the 101st grade at meetings of the All-Russian Union of Poets.” . The first edition of “Heart of a Dog” contained almost open allusions to a number of political figures of that time, in particular to the Soviet plenipotentiary representative in London Christian Rakovsky and a number of other functionaries known in the circles of the Soviet intelligentsia for their scandalous love affairs. Bulgakov hoped to publish “The Heart of a Dog” in the anthology “Nedra”, but it was recommended not to even submit the story to Glavlit for reading. N. S. Angarsky, who liked the work, managed to pass it on to Lev Kamenev, but he declared that “under no circumstances should this poignant pamphlet on modernity be printed.” In 1926, during a search of Bulgakov’s apartment, the manuscripts of “The Heart of a Dog” were seized and returned to the author only after Maxim Gorky’s petition three years later. The story was distributed in Samizdat already in the early 1930s.

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Interesting facts Several real doctors are named as prototypes for the literary character of Professor F. F. Preobrazhensky. This is Bulgakov’s uncle, gynecologist Nikolai Pokrovsky, surgeon Sergei Voronov. In addition, a number of famous contemporaries of the author are named as prototypes - the scientist Bekhterev, the physiologist Pavlov and the founder of the Soviet state Lenin. There is a small inconsistency in the text: in different places in the story the “donor” of organs for transplantation is called either Chugunkin or Chugunov; he is either 25 or 28 years old. The prototype of the “Kalabukhov House”, in which the main events of the story unfold, was the apartment building of the architect S. F. Kulagin (house no. 24), built by him on Prechistenka Street in 1904. One of the professor's clients, in order to hide the fact of seducing a fourteen-year-old girl, orders her an abortion. Preobrazhensky and Bormenthal hide from the police the operation they performed to transform a man into a dog, convincing them that Sharikov himself “began to turn into a primitive state.” One of the episodes features the book “Correspondence between Engels and Kautsky.” In the remarks of the characters, all negative epithets refer only to Kautsky, whom the Bolsheviks considered an opportunist. The Agatha Christie group performs the song “Heart of a Dog,” written to excerpts from Bulgakov’s text. Group Cockroaches! also performs the song “Heart of a Dog.”